SOLVED

11. Mark Rosenzweig’s famous study of rats that were raised in either “enriched” or “impoverished” environments demonstrated that rats raised in enriched environments: a. lived longer b. gained more weight c. had heavier, more complex brains d. had more difficult mating with other rats when they reached maturity 12. If the results of Rosenzweig’s study of rats raised in enriched environments were to be generalized to children, this would imply that we should be most concerned about which of the following? a. raising children in environments that did not allow for exploration and play b. raising children in environments in which they had to care for younger children c. placing children in day-care centers, even if the centers were well run d. making sure that children get 100% of their daily doses of all important vitamins 13. The major conclusion to be drawn from Rosenzweig’s study of the brains of rats raised in an enriched environment is that: a. early experience shapes the way in which the brain develops b. genes exert their greatest influence in guiding neural development during the prenatal period c. too much “privilege” can cause the development of selfishness that cannot be undone through later training d. neural development is for the most part determined by genes, and especially by those carried on the sex chromosomes 1 The neural “pruning” that takes place during infancy and toddlerhood results in: a. a loss of about 10% in the weight of the typical brain b. a loss of many of the neural connections that were present at birth c. severing the connection between left and right hemispheres that was present during the prenatal period of development d. the near-total separation of the brain’s cortex and other brain structures that lie below it 15. According to the text, neurons in a newborn’s brain have on average about __________ synapses. By age 2 or 3, the number is about __________ synapses. a. 100,000; one million b. one million, 100 billion c. 2,500; 15,000 d. 15,000; 2,500 16. Which of the following individuals would have the largest number of average synapses in the neurons of their brain? a. Rita, who is a newborn b. Alan, who is 1 year old c. Matty, who is 2 ½ years old d. Rex, who is 25 years old 17. The neonatal period refers to which of the following periods? a. the month prior to an infant’s birth b. the first month after birth c. the 3 months prior to birth d. the 3 months after birth 18. In contrast to how scientists working in earlier decades have conceptualized the neonatal period, scientists today understand that: a. how the infant “attaches” to its primary caregiver is of limited significance b. there is much more stress involved in the birth process than previously thought c. newborns are much more capable than had previously been thought d. newborn behaviors are controlled to a much greater degree by genetics than was previously thought 19. According to research conducted by Peter Wolff on arousal states in newborns, as newborns adjust to their new environment following birth, their arousal states become: a. more dramatic, with larger swings of energy between high and low states b. less positive and more negative c. more regular and predictable d. more irregular and dictated by specific environmental occurrences 20. Which of the following was NOT one of the six arousal states identified in newborns by Peter Wolff? a. crying b. thinking c. regular sleep d. irregular sleep