21.In the Plessy v. Ferguson case, the Supreme Court ruled all of the following EXCEPT a.segregation was constitutional if facilities were equal. b.laws cannot change racial instincts. c.segregation on rail cars in Louisiana was unconstitutional. d.no new laws of segregation could be passed without the Court’s approval. 22.The decision in the Plessy v. Ferguson case a.placed segregation at the forefront of national political debate. b.led to the enactment of institutional segregation in the South. c.had little actual effect on legislative actions in the South. d.was issued with the unanimous support of the Court. 23.Jim Crow laws a.declared that vigilante acts of violence were constitutional. b.outlawed labor unions in the South. c.established segregation as an institution in southern states. d.promoted the goals of the Republican Party. 24.Grandfather clauses and poll taxes were used to a.stop blacks from migrating to the North. b.deny blacks the right to vote. c.equalize wealth between poor and wealthy farmers. d.exclude women from joining the Populist Party. 25.The most commonly used form of disenfranchisement in the South was the a.grandfather clause. b.literacy test. c.poll tax. d.understanding clause. 26.D. W. Griffith’s successful film, Birth of a Nation, promoted an image of a.blacks as equal citizens. b.southerners and northerners working together. c.radicalism within the rural reform movement. d.a heroic Ku Klux Klan. 27.The era of the New South a.was very much like the South in the years before the Civil War. b.emerged as a time of growing economic opportunities for blacks and poor whites. c.saw a marked drop in the development of urban centers in the South. d.was characterized by the persistence of rural poverty and racial divisiveness. 28.In 1900, the largest city in the United States was a.Chicago. b.Philadelphia. c.Boston. d.New York. 29.Residential suburbs were first populated by a.new immigrants. b.industrial magnates. c.members of the middle class. d.unskilled laborers. 30.“Downtown†districts tended to include a.mass-production factories. b.ethnic neighborhoods for new immigrants. c.retail shops and financial institutions. d.middle-class dwellings. Â