SOLVED

12-11) Archival data typically consist of a. data collected under controlled laboratory conditions. b. data collected through written survey instruments. c. records of behavior in written or electronic formats. d. theoretical data produced by computerized models. 12-12) Jeremy is engaged in some archival research and, after analyzing his results, he concludes that “over the last 20 years, television programs have shown progressively higher levels of violence every year, with the exception of the 1991-1992 period, which displayed a slight decrease.” This kind of conclusion appears to be __________ and is quite __________ in archival research. a. inferential; typical b. inferential; unusual c. descriptive; typical d. descriptive; unusual 12-13) Maria is conducting a study of shopping behavior in adolescents so she stations herself behind a hidden observation window and unobtrusively records the number of packages each shopper is carrying through a local shopping mall. It appears that Maria is conducting a type of __________ study. a. experimental b. laboratory c. naturalistic observational d. archival 12-14) In a naturalistic observational study, making sure the setting is “ordinary” helps to enhance the __________ of the behavior being investigated. a. internal validity b. cause-effect interpretation c. control d. representativeness 12-15) Usually researchers involved in naturalistic observational studies will try to remain __________ so as to avoid problems of __________. a. unobtrusive; reactivity b. in plain sight; ethical concern c. unobtrusive; ethical concern d. in plain sight; reactivity 12-16) Jeremiah is studying the conversations children have with their peers at school. In order to obtain some naturalistic data, Jeremiah poses as a cafeteria worker and monitors the children’s conversations as they pass through the lunch line. This approach to collecting data is referred to as a. naturalistic observation. b. participant observation. c. archival research. d. survey research. 12-17) Some of the problems in carrying out a participant observational study include: 1) the use of deception may be unethical; 2) the researchers may influence the other people’s behavior; and 3) a. in attempting to remain anonymous, collecting data can be challenging for the     researcher. b. the sterile conditions of the laboratory setting sometimes intimidate the subjects. c. the mailing of the surveys can be expensive, especially in studies involving large     samples. d. the use of MANCOVA is time-intensive and the results are often difficult to interpret. 12-18) Jean Piaget, the famous Swiss psychologist, studied the cognitive development of young children by presenting them with various tasks that they had to complete such as comparing different containers of water, manipulating the shape of a ball of clay, and using logical processes in making decisions. This type of a research situation is referred to as a(n) a. true experiment. b. archival study. c. naturalistic observational study. d. structured test method. 12-19) In using the structured test method, researchers are trying to make it more likely that a. the results of their research will be published in prestigious journals. b. a certain range of behaviors will be emitted by the research participants. c. the results of the research will lead to profitable applications and treatments. d. one can infer causation between the independent and dependent variables. 12-20) As examples of descriptive research strategies, case studies typically __________ and __________. a. are conclusive; proof-positive for a phenomenon b. represent the best technique; generate a great deal of causal inferences c. are more definitive than experiments; include many careful control strategies d. lack control over extraneous variables; do not meet the criteria for inferring causation