SOLVED

 1.  Higher level cognitive functions, such as attention, emotion, language, and memory, are thought to be associated most closely to activity in: a. the myelin surrounding axons b. the cell axons themselves, but not the cell bodies c. the gray matter of the brain d. the white matter in the left cerebral hemisphere 2. The original purpose for developing the first intelligence tests in the early part of the twentieth century was: a. to identify children who would not do well in school b. to provide a reason to discriminate against children from African descent c. to give the French government a means of selecting especially talented children for placement in state-funded educational programs for the gifted d. to study how physical health and intelligence were related 3. Which of the following is the primary goal of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA)? a. to train teachers to deal with children who have mental retardation and behavioral disorders b. to fund special schools that provide education to children with disabilities c. to raise the public’s awareness of the unfairness being done to individuals with disabilities d. to provide all children with a free and appropriate education 4. Suppose you learn that two children, a 10-year-old boy and a 10-year-old girl, have brains of quite different sizes, with the boy’s brain being about 40% larger than the girl’s brain. Which of the following conclusions would be the best to draw from this data? a. The girl most likely has something wrong with her brain, because it should be at least 10% larger than the boy’s brain. b. The girl’s brain most likely has something wrong with it, because it should be very close to the same size as the boy’s brain at this age. c. The girl most likely was malnourished in early childhood, giving rise to a smaller-than-average brain. d. There is no reason for concern, since children’s brain sizes can vary by as much as 50% without any appreciable difference in cognitive skills. 5. Addition and subtraction math problems rely on a child’s ability to understand which of the following Piagetian concepts? a. formal operations b. reversibility c. metacognition d. scripts 6. Tommy appears to not care at all about the quality of the school work he does. When asked, he says things like: “School is stupid. No one should try hard. Learning is useless.” Using the terms identified by David McClelland, you would conclude that Tommy has: a. very low achievement motivation b. very high need for excellence c. very low autonomy d. a low “pride” quotient 7. The text states that there has been a gradual evolution in how mental retardation is regarded. In general, what change is at the center of that evolution in thinking? a. Today, each person is considered to be more an individual with specific needs for accommodations. b. Today, mental retardation is considered to be a biological, rather than a psychological, disability. c. Today, mental retardation is diagnosed according to a person’s IQ score, rather than to an assessment of that person’s abilities. d. Today, people understand that individuals with mental retardation cannot be expected to achieve at the same levels as people who do not have intellectual disabilities. 8 Which of the following people would be most likely to get an erroneous estimate of obesity when using the BMI method of calculation? a. Susie, an overweight 12-year-old girl who is African American b. Barbara, an underweight 12-year-old girl who has not yet hit the adolescent growth spurt c. Mike, an overweight 16-year-old boy who gets very little exercise d. Jeremy, a competitive athlete with very large muscles 9. Heidi has a series of events that she follows every morning: she takes a shower, dresses, eats breakfast, and rides the bus to school. Her memory of this sequence of events would most likely be organized in the form of: a. a series of retrieval cues b. a script for “morning events” c. a series of mental images d. semantic elaboration of common events 10. Lynn tells the teacher, “I don’t care if I learn anything; I just want to get an A.” According to research conducted by Carol Dweck, you should conclude that Lynn has what type of motivation? a. learning motivation b. performance motivation c. social motivation d. anti-learning motivation