SOLVED

31) Randy meets a Calgarian who grows all her own vegetables and refuses to touch any nonorganic food and he concludes that Calgarians are overzealous about nutrition. This type of error illustrates the critical-thinking guideline: A) don’t oversimplify. B) define your terms. C) be willing to wonder. D) ask questions. 32) “I really want to believe that my memory of the day I spent at Disneyland as a preschooler is true, but that doesn’t mean that it is true.” This example illustrates which of the following critical-thinking guidelines? A) Examine the evidence. B) Define your terms. C) Don’t oversimplify. D) Avoid emotional reasoning. 33) “I want to believe that my memory of our family camping trip is true, but that doesn’t mean that it is true.” This example illustrates which of the following critical-thinking guidelines? A) Avoid emotional reasoning. B) Define your terms. C) Don’t oversimplify. D) Examine the evidence. 34) Which of the following would be an example of “argument by anecdote”? A) “My gut feeling is that it isn’t the right time to get married.” B) “I don’t want to see that movie, because my best friend says that it is terrible.” C) “That is my opinion and nothing is going to change my mind.” D) “What evidence is there to support your claim?” 35) “My memory of getting knocked down by a wave at Long Beach could be based on what my parents told me later, not my own recollection.” This example illustrates which of the following critical-thinking guidelines? A) Define your terms. B) Ask questions and be willing to wonder. C) Consider other interpretations. D) Don’t oversimplify. 36) Cheryl wants to know why one member of an identical twin pair develops schizophrenia whereas his twin does not. Her professor replies, “Researchers aren’t sure.” Which of the following is most likely according to our textbook? A) The professor is demonstrating that sometimes we must tolerate uncertainty. B) The professor is being evasive because he doesn’t accept the current theory. C) The professor does not know how to respond because the theories on this topic change so quickly. D) The professor needs time to consider various interpretations of the research. 37) “I may never know for sure whether my memory of my first visit to the ocean is accurate.” This example illustrates which of the following critical-thinking guidelines? A) Tolerate uncertainty. B) Analyze assumptions and biases. C) Define your terms. D) Ask questions and be willing to wonder. 38) In ruling out alternative explanations of a phenomenon, a critical thinker should choose the explanation that: A) requires the highest number of assumptions. B) requires the fewest assumptions and has the most supporting evidence. C) most people tend to agree with. D) matches your feelings about the phenomenon. 39) If you are a critical thinker, reading a psychology textbook should be approached as: A) receiving wisdom from expert researchers. B) an opportunity to generate questions. C) a tool for self-analysis. D) a way to reduce your uncertainties. 40) Phrenology is: A) a theory of mind based on anecdotes and individual case studies. B) the study of the minds of criminals. C) based on the writings of John Locke. D) a pseudoscience relating bumps on the head to personality traits.