SOLVED

11. The term developmentalists use to describe the characteristic way that infants interact with the world around them is: a. personality b. temperament c. affective engagement d. attachment 12. All of the following are styles of temperament identified by Thomas and Chess EXCEPT: a. anxious b. easy c. difficult d. slow-to-warm-up 13. Betty’s infant daughter cries often and is routinely in negative moods. She reacts to change with difficulty and slowness. According to research conducted by Thomas and Chess, this baby most likely has which of the following types of temperaments? a. anxious b. easy c. difficult d. slow-to-warm-up 14. Robert’s infant daughter rarely expresses extremely negative moods. She adapts easily to change, new places, and new people. According to research conducted by Thomas and Chess, this baby most likely has which of the following types of temperaments? a. anxious b. easy c. difficult d. slow-to-warm-up 15 Bianca’s infant daughter reacts negatively to new places and new people, but successfully adjusts after some time. According to research conducted by Thomas and Chess, this baby most likely has which of the following types of temperaments? a. anxious b. easy c. difficult d. slow-to-warm-up 16. Which of the following is NOT one of the broad dimensions of temperament, according to Mary Rothbart? a. extroversion b. effortful control c. slow-to-warm-up style d. negative affectivity 17. Dr. Barker observes children and rates them on a scale according to how frustrated they get when they cannot get what they want, at how they react when they are overstimulated by too much activity in their environment, and how easily they are comforted by their parent when they are upset. The scale that Dr. Barker is using would best be considered a measure of which of Mary Rothbart’s basic dimensions of temperament? a. extroversion b. effortful control c. difficulty d. negative affectivity 18. According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is the first critical developmental issue that is resolved in the first year of life? a. trust versus mistrust b. attachment versus misalignment c. autonomy versus shame and doubt d. oral fixation versus anal fixation 19. According to Sigmund Freud and others, which of the following activities seems to be especially important in establishing a sense of trust in early infancy? a. toilet training b. reciprocal smiling c. reciprocal communication d. feeding 20. According to Freud, the first year of life is centered mostly on how the child’s ______ needs are satisfied: a. oral b. latent c. anal d. communication