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31.While common law societies’ courts are structured according to the ­­­­_________ principle, civil law nations operate on the _________ principle. a.adversarial; inquisitorialc.inquisitorial; adversarial b.specific deterrence; general deterrenced.adversarial; natural law 32.If you are charged with a crime, and your experience consists of the judge determining the truth of matters and calling and questioning witnesses him/herself, you are experiencing a/an: a.inquisitorial system.c.civil law court system. b.natural law court system.d.adversarial system. 33.In terms of the purposes of punishment, the purpose of __________ is to restore the moral balance of society by equally punishing the offender as his victim suffered. a.retributionc.rehabilitation b.deterrenced.incapacitation 34.Punishment of a particular individual that is intended to keep him or her from violating the law in the future is referred to as: a.  general deterrence.c.specific deterrence. b.incapacitation.d.retribution. 35. Punishment of criminals in order to show people who have yet to commit crimes what is done to offenders in the hope that they will decide not to break the law and be similarly punished is known as: a.  specific deterrence.c.incapacitation. b.  general deterrence.d.retribution. 36.In terms of the purposes of punishment, the rationale behind __________ is the belief that offenders only decide to break the law if the positives outweigh the negatives; therefore strengthening the penalties will cause them not to choose crime. a.retributionc.rehabilitation b.deterrenced.incapacitation 37.The philosophy that crime is caused by biological, psychological and/or social variables and therefore criminals may be cured, is known as: a.retribution.c.rehabilitation. b.deterrence.d.incapacitation. 38.The bottom-line rationale that if we can’t reform offenders or scare them into reforming, we can at least keep the most dangerous criminals locked away where they can’t prey on conforming citizens is known as: a.retribution.c.rehabilitation. b.deterrence.d.incapacitation. 39.In 2000, how many Americans were living under some sort of correctional supervision – prison, jail, probation, or parole? a.1.7 millionc.2.7 million b.6.5 milliond.1.7 billion 40.Why has the unprecedented prison population explosion occurred? a.Because crime has continued to rapidly increase. b.Because sentences are longer. c.Because offenders are serving a higher proportion of their terms. d.Because of changes in the criminal justice system that sharply increased the chances that a convicted criminal will actually be sent to prison.

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