SOLVED

41.Which of the following changes in the criminal justice system has/have specifically contributed to the unprecedented prison population explosion? a.mandatory sentencing for drug offenses b.mandatory sentencing for violent index crimes c.the “three strikes and you’re out” provisions d.all of the above 42.Which of the following characteristics describes the “typical” prison inmate? a.malec.high school dropout b.previously incarceratedd.all of the above 43.If you were an American sociologist speaking for a number of your colleagues who wish to endorse the best long-term solution to the crime problem, which of the following strategies would you be most likely to select? a.more mandatory sentences for more crimes b.the elimination of parole c.the reduction of the use of probation and other community service options d.the reduction of economic inequality 44.Which of the following characteristics is/are typical of those most likely to commit an index crime? a.under 25c.male b.poord.all of the above 45.According to the text’s discussion, young African Americans are: a.more likely to be arrested than whites for the same crime. b.less likely than whites to be killed by the police on the street. c.less likely than whites to be tried as adults. d.all of the above 46.The fact that criminals tend to be youth who lack the obligations associated with having spouses or children, and have plenty of time to spare, thus are much less restrained than adults appears to agree with which theory? a.Hirschi’s social bondc. Sutherland’s differential association b.Merton’s straind.conflict 47.The fact that criminals tend to be youths who spend a great deal of time with peers and also care deeply about what their friends think them appears to agree with which theory? a.Hirschi’s social controlc. Merton’s strain b.Sutherland’s differential associationd.conflict 48.The fact that crime rates decline sharply after the mid-30s is a phenomenon known as: a.aging out.c.the criminal age syndrome. b.the age-crime ratio.d.the ipso facto syndrome. 49.According to the text’s discussion of female crime in the U.S.: a.women who commit larceny-theft are mostly small-time shoplifters. b.when women commit murder, it is usually by killing an abusive domestic partner. c.most females who are criminals are guilty of relatively minor crimes. d.all of the above 50.If you were a proponent of Hirschi’s social control theory, with which of the following statements about female crime would you agree? a.Females have historically been treated gently by the courts because of their gender, and thus appear to be less criminal than they actually are. b.Women tend to be more tightly bonded to parents and less involved in potentially delinquent peer groups. c.Constantly shifting hormonal balances and imbalances prevent females from becoming dedicated career criminals. d.Females commit less crime than males because of their psychological makeup.