SOLVED

11) Why was the Alaskan pipeline built above ground and insulated? A) to protect the pipeline against damage due to thawing ground and to keep the crude oil hot and fluid B) to keep the crude oil cool and highly fluid C) to protect against damage from herds of elk and deer D) to protect against damage from roots of large trees uprooted in windstorms 12) A geologist wants to locate a horizontal coal bed on a soil-covered slope where soil creep is active. A distinctive sandstone bed underlies the coal bed. On the basis of weathered sandstone fragments in the soil, where is the coal bed? A) just below the lowest piece of sandstone seen in the soil B) just above the highest piece of sandstone seen in the soil C) just below the highest piece of sandstone seen in the soil D) just above the lowest piece of sandstone seen in the soil 13) Which of the following locations was devastated by mudflows triggered by hurricane Stan in 2005? A) Kashmir region between India and Pakistan B) Panabaj, Guatemala C) Leyte, Philippines D) Yungay-Ranrahirca, Peru 14) Which statement best describes slumping, a mass wasting process? A) A block or blocks of unconsolidated regolith slide downhill along a curved slip surface. B) Blocks of hard bedrock rapidly slide downhill along fracture surfaces. C) The soil and regolith move downhill very slowly. D) A mass of soil or regolith becomes saturated with water and suddenly flows downhill to the base of the slope. 15) Which mass wasting process has the slowest rate of movement? A) slump B) rock avalanche C) solifluction D) creep 16) All of the following are factors affecting mass wasting except for ________. A) gravity B) water C) slope angle D) geologic age 17) The most rapid type of mass movement is a ________. A) slump B) lahar C) rock avalanche D) debris flow 18) As an erosional process, how is mass wasting unique from wind, water, and ice? A) Mass wasting affects particles of all sizes whereas the others affect only smaller particles. B) Mass wasting does not require a transporting medium. C) Mass wasting affects much larger geographic areas than does wind, water, and ice. D) All of the above make mass wasting unique compared to wind, water, and ice. 19) Which of the following mass movements is most likely to occur in a geologic setting where the rock strata are inclined? A) debris flow B) slump C) creep D) rockslide 20) Which of the following statements concerning mudflows is not true? A) Mudflows may be caused by heavy rains or melting snow. B) In hilly areas, mudflows move down the canyons and stream valleys. C) Mudflows deposit talus slopes. D) Mudflows can move and carry very large boulders and other coarse debris. 21) During wet weather or times when snow is melting, sometimes the downhill toe of a slump ________. A) turns into a rock avalanche B) becomes an earthflow C) stops moving because water makes the clay sticky D) collapses and is deposited as talus at the base of the slope 22) How do freezing, thawing, wetting, and drying contribute to soil creep? A) The soil becomes much weaker when dry and frozen. B) Gravity exerts a much stronger force when the soil is wet and thawed. C) The soil expands and contracts, lifting particles and dropping them a slight distance downslope. D) Eventually, these cause the soil and regolith to suddenly slide down the slope. 23) All of the following are possible indicators that creep is occurring except for ________. A) tilted fences or power line poles B) an extremely thick soil profile C) curved tree trunks D) cracks in roads or sidewalks 24) Where do the most rapid mass-wasting events occur? A) older, gradually sloped mountains B) rugged, geologically young mountains C) gently sloped mountains D) areas with a high occurrence of earthquakes