SOLVED

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 7-1) Another name for an “independent-groups” design is a a. between-subjects design. b. repeated-measures design. c. within-subjects design. d. quasi-experimental design. 7-2) The simplest form of a single-factor independent-groups design manipulates a single independent variable with __________ level(s). a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 7-3) Maryanne is working on a research project for her research methods class where she has one group of students watch a violent television episode before they have their blood pressure measured, and a second, different group of students watch a neutral, non-violent program before they have their blood pressure measured. What type of a research study is Maryanne conducting? a. Two-Level, Double-Factor study b. Two-Level, Single-Factor study c. Multi-Level, Double-Factor study d. Multi-Level, Single-Factor study 7-4) In the classic Blakemore and Cooper (1970) study, the researchers raised one group of kittens in a cylinder with vertical stripes painted inside, and a second group of different kittens in a cylinder with horizontal stripes on the inside. The researchers were interested in measuring the effects of early stimulation on the development of the visual system in kittens. What type of research design was used in this study? a. Two-Level, Double-Factor study with control group b. Two-Level, Single-Factor study without control group c. Multi-Level, Double-Factor study with control group d. Multi-Level, Single-Factor study without control group 7-5) Suppose you were reading about a laboratory experiment that was examining the effects of gender on artistic creativity. The study determines that, relative to females, males tend to have lower creativity scores based on a standardized test of creativity. What type of research design is being used here? a. Two-Level, Double-Factor study with a manipulated independent variable b. Two-Level, Single-Factor study with a manipulated independent variable c. Two-Level, Double-Factor study with a nonmanipulated independent variable d. Two-Level, Single-Factor study with a nonmanipulated independent variable 7-6) In experimental research, investigators typically try to __________ variance due to the independent variable, and __________ variance due to extraneous variables. a. maximize; maximize b. minimize; minimize c. maximize; minimize d. minimize; maximize 7-7) In attempting to maximize variance from the independent variable, experimenters will often a. make the manipulated levels of the independent variable as different as possible. b. make the manipulated levels of the independent variable as similar as possible. c. conduct their research in the “real world” in order to maximize external validity. d. use dependent variables that are based in naturalistic observation. 7-8) How do researchers decide which levels of an independent variable to include in an experiment? a. They attempt to make the levels as different from each other as possible. b. They use their knowledge of prior research findings. c. They use logic, common sense, and predictions from theories. d. all of the above 7-9) Which of the following techniques was not included in the discussion of how researchers attempt to minimize extraneous and error variability in single-factor, independent-groups designs? a. Use random assignment, matching, or repeated measurement techniques. b. Administer a pretest and restrict participation of subjects to minimize attrition. c. Include a control group to prevent problems of history, maturation, and regression. d. Avoid the use of deception and blind procedures to minimize participant bias. 7-10) Suppose, in an experimental assessment of a new drug, researchers administer one group of participants the new drug and, in a different group, they administer to the participants an inactive sugar pill. Given this description, it appears as though the researchers are concerned about a potential a. Hawthorne effect. b. placebo effect. c. interaction effect. d. main effect. 1