SOLVED

41.According to the text, functionalists assume that: a.in the city, our physical contacts are close, but our social contacts are distant. b.in cities, secondary groups replace the primary group ties indicative of rural life. c.the city dweller is efficient, rational, and sophisticated, but also anonymous, isolated, and interpersonally detached. d.all of the above 42.According to the __________ hypothesis, an already weak social fabric weakens further as people who can afford to do so move out of deteriorating neighborhoods. a.urbanizationc.spatial mismatch b.suburbanizationd.exurbanization 43.According to the text’s discussion of current urban life in the U.S.: a.an already weak social fabric weakens further as people who can afford to do so move out of deteriorating neighborhoods. b.urban decline is linked to a shredding of social ties in those areas hit hardest by job loss. c.The people who remain in the cities are the poorest and the most psychologically vulnerable to the stresses of urban life. d.all of the above 44.What are the two most important direct causes of environment destruction? a.corporate crime and population growth b.industrial expansion and corporate crime c.toxic waste dumping and population growth d.population growth and industrial expansion 45.According to the text’s discussion of environmental stresses: a.half the world’s population lives on coastlines, rivers and estuaries, and are the most vulnerable when waterways become polluted. b.in the last half century, fish consumption has increased five-fold, resulting in collapsing fisheries. c.the UN predicts that by 2050 one in five people is likely to live in a country with severe shortages of fresh water. d.all of the above 46.__________ refers a rise in the earth’s average temperature due to increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. a.Air pollutionc.Global warming b.Carbonizationd.Deoxidation 47.If you were an environmentalist, to what would you link the appearance of El Nino? a.depletion of ozonec.air pollution b.global warmingd.global cooling 48.What is the common stance taken by developing countries regarding environmental issues? a.They tend to bury their heads in the sand, and deny there is an environmental problem. b.They prefer economic expansion over concern about industrial pollutants. c.They are willing to sacrifice some economic expansion in order to clean up industrial pollutants before they cause irreparable damage. d.They are unquestionably aware of their environmental plight; they know industrial pollutants must be cleaned up, but not at the expense of economic expansion. 49.In the mid-20th century, the “__________ revolution” was the term given to the industrial and technological innovations (biotechnology) used to produce high-yield crops that would solve the world’s food supply problem. a.bluec.eco b.greend.organic 50.__________ is a branch of feminist social theory connecting the degradation and oppression of women with the degradation of the ecosystem. a.Ecofeminismc.Biotechnology b.Environmental feminismd.Autocentrism 51.The text observes that urban sprawl, with single-family residences close to highways, supermarkets, and recreational facilities, requires a/an “__________” existence. a.suburbanc.autocentric b.exurband.sustainable 52.__________ requires international cooperation in finding humane ways for the human species to live on the planet indefinitely without risking the future of either the planet or its inhabitants. a.International global ecology b.Sustainable development c.International Environmentalism d.The Global Environmental Movement (GEM) 53.__________ cities are large suburban communities located on the periphery of a metropolitan area that function independently of the host city. a.Edgeb.Central b.Peripherald.Suburban 54.__________ growth is an efficient and environmentally friendly strategy that coordinates land use planning. a.Urbanc.Smart b.Indirectd.Autocentric 55.The __________ hypothesis suggests that effective birth control, particularly in developing countries, is wanted but either unavailable or culturally unacceptable. a.autocentricc.gentrification b.family planningd.unmet need