SOLVED

101)On average, behavioural-genetic studies estimate the heritability of intelligence to be about ________ for children and adolescents. A)0.20–0.30 B)0.40–0.50 C)0.60–0.80 D)0.80–1.00 102)Behavioural-genetic studies have shown that: A)for children and adolescents, heritability estimates average around 0.75; that is, about three-quarters of the variance in IQ scores is explainable by genetic differences. B)for adults, heritability estimates average around 0.45 to 0.50; that is, about half of the variance in IQ scores is explainable by genetic differences. C)the scores of fraternal twins reared together are more highly correlated than the scores of identical twins reared apart. D)as adopted children grow into adulthood, the correlation between their IQ scores and those of their biologically unrelated family members diminishes to zero. 103)Which of the following is NOT true with regard to biological and genetic factors and intelligence? A)The volume of grey matter in the brain is correlated with intelligence. B)The IQ of adopted children correlates more highly with their biological parents than their adoptive parents. C)Monozygotic twins raised apart are more similar to each other in IQ than dizygotic twins raised together. D)Scores of dizygotic twins are more highly correlated with each other than those of monozygotic twins. 104)Based on heritability estimates, it is likely that as we age, genetics will account for ________ of the observed individual differences in IQ. A)more B)less C)a constant amount D)all 105)A major problem with genetic explanations of racial differences in IQ is that: A)while intelligence differs between groups, it does not differ within groups. B)heritability estimates used in supporting genetic explanations of group differences are based mainly on white samples. C)the studies supporting a genetic explanation typically use black and white children from comparable socioeconomic groups. D)genetic explanations are based on linkage studies. 106)With the left hand, a person grabs a handful of tomato seeds that vary genetically from a bag and plants the seeds in a pot. With the right hand, this person grabs seeds from the same bag and plants them in a second pot. The first pot has enriched soil and exposure to sunlight, whereas the nutrients in the second pot’s soil have been depleted and the pot is placed in a dark corner. When the tomato plants grow: A)the heritability of between-pot differences is 100% but the heritability of within-pot differences is 50%. B)the differences within each pot are due to environment but the heritability of between-pot differences is 100%. C)the difference between pots is due to variations in soil and sunlight but the heritability of within-pot differences is 100%. D)the heritability of between-pot differences and within-pot differences are equal, ranging from 50% to 60%. 107)In order to explain principles of the differences in intelligence between and within groups, the authors described a hypothetical tomato plant experiment. Based on this experiment it would be accurate to conclude that: A)if differences within groups are at least partly genetic in origin, then differences between groups are also genetic. B)the heritability differences between groups is 100% even though the within-group difference is due entirely to the environment. C)the variation within each group will result from genetic differences, but the between-group difference is explained by the different care received. D)heritability estimates are valid in regard to group differences, but not in regard to the variance found within a group. 108)Which of the following environmental factors has NOT been shown to be associated with reduced mental ability? A)poor prenatal care B)malnutrition C)living in rural communities D)stressful family circumstances 109)Environmental factors that hinder intelligence include all of the following EXCEPT: A)poor prenatal care. B)malnutrition during childhood. C)exposure to lead. D)intergenerational households. 110)The average IQ gap between severely malnourished children and well-nourished children can be as high as: A)5 points. B)10 points. C)15 points. D)20 points.