SOLVED

131) The ways different people think about and perceive the world is most strongly affected by a. the different types of food they eat. b. the different cultures in which they live. c. the different climates in which they live. d. the different languages they speak. 132) In the 1950s, a linguist named Benjamin Whorf proposed that thought and language are related in that the language we speak a. is directly affected by how we think. b. may reflect something about how we think. c. directly determines how we think. d. may be affected somewhat by how we think. 133) Current beliefs about thought and language can be summarized by saying that a. the language we speak completely determines how we think. b. the way we are trained as children controls our language. c. there is really no relationship between thought and language. d. our culture and experiences shape the language we use. 134) Imagine a society in which people spoke a language with only two words for animals: animals with four feet, and animals with more than four feet (insects, spiders, etc). What would Benjamin Whorf predict about those people? a. They should be more open to the animals’ true natures. b. They should perceive and think about animals differently. c. They should have a lower intelligence than other people. d. They should show more fear of multi-legged animals. 135) The Dani language has only two words for colour (“light” and “dark”), but the Dani are just as good at recognizing and remembering different colours as North Americans are. This is strong evidence against a. the idea that artistic talent is genetically determined. b. the belief that colour is an important cognitive process. c. the racial prejudices against the Dani people. d. the hypothesis that language determines thought. 136) Our sensitivity to and memory for odours could be used as an argument against Benjamin Whorf’s hypothesis about thought and language, because a. most languages have many more odour words than English. b. we are so bad at recognizing and remembering odours. c. odours are described very differently in different languages. d. we can distinguish many more odours than we can name. 137) What do we call the hypothesis that language influences what we think? a. The dynamic hypothesis b. The language reaction hypothesis c. The linguistic relativity hypothesis d. The cognitive linguistic hypothesis 138) The linguistic relativity hypothesis suggests that a. one’s language determines the pattern of one’s thinking and view of the world. b. one’s thinking and view of the world determines the structure of one’s language. c. we decide which objects belong to a concept according to what is most probable or sensible, given the facts at hand. d. perception of surface structure precedes deep structure in understanding a sentence. 139) A famous lecturer argues that because the Hopi Indians have only two nouns for things that fly, one for birds and another for non-birds, the Hopi must interpret all flying things in terms of these two nouns. This argument is based on a. the idealized prototype construct. b. bottom-up processing. c. deep structure elaboration. d. the linguistic relativity hypothesis. 140) Researchers have found that ______ influenced by culture. a. neither language nor thought is b. language, but not thought, is c. thought, but not language, is d. both language and thought are