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1 In natural vegetative propagation, which of the following structures are most likely to give 

rise to new individuals: (a) stems, (b) roots, (c) buds, (d) leaves, (e) flowers? 

2 The drawing shows a plant which reproduces vegetatively. 

  (a) What will need to happen before shoots A – C become independent plants? 

  (b) How might a gardener assist this process? 

  (c) What name is given to the horizontal stem in this kind of propagation? 

  (d) Name a commercially grown fruit whose plants are propagated in this way

3 Before stem cuttings are planted, the cut end of the stem is often dipped in a hormone 

powder. What is the point of this? 

4 The following are thought to be some of the advantages of either vegetative reproduction or sexual reproduction: 

  produces greater variety in the offspring, good at colonising new areas, reduces competition  

  from other species, maintains desirable qualities in the offspring, good at colonising favourable 

  areas 

Make a table with these qualities under the headings of ‘Sexual reproduction’ and ‘Vegetative reproduction’.

5 If a gardener wanted to propagate a useful variety of apple tree in a way which maintained all its desirable qualities, which of the following techniques would be used: 

  (a) planting stem cuttings in potting compost 

  (b) grafting stem cuttings onto a rootstock 

  (c) grafting buds on to a root stock 

  (d) growing the seeds produced from the useful variety 

  (e) cross-pollinating the variety with another good variety and growing the seeds 

     resulting from the cross? 

6 What name is given to the population of genetically identical offspring which result from a 

process of asexual (vegetative) reproduction? 

7 Which structures of a flowering plant give rise to (a) potatoes, (b) the fleshy scales of an onion?

8 In the process of tissue culture in plants, what is needed to induce the formation of a complete plant, in addition to a growth medium with nutrients? 

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