111) Consumers pay for necessities out of their discretionary income. 112) Oligopolies most often exist in industries that require little investment in equipment, technology, or materials to produce a product. 113) In a monopolistic competition market structure, each seller is very conscious of other sellers’ actions, since there is a small number of sellers in the industry. 114) One of the two purposes of laws governing businesses in the United States is to make sure that businesses compete fairly with each other. 115) In the United States, it is illegal for a manufacturer to offer different prices to competing wholesalers or retailers unless the difference is cost-justified. 116) The United States and Cuba are using economic sanctions when Cuban cigars are sold in the United States. 117) In Thailand and Turkey, most people subordinate their personal goals to those of a stable community. These countries are examples of collectivist cultures. 118) Social norms indicate how to dress, how to speak, what to eat, how to eat, and how to behave. 119) In marketing, the tendency to prefer products or people of one’s own culture over those from other countries is called nationalism. 120) Two or more firms pooling their resources for common goals have established a joint venture. 121) A country that barters for imported products rather than paying in cash likely does so because its currency is convertible. 122) Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, and several other Central American countries formed the CAFTA economic community. This is an example of a policy of protectionism. 123) Poland has a growing middle class and boasts a large skilled labor force. Poland is most likely categorized as a developing country. 124) On the Upper West Side of Manhattan, there are hundreds of independent restaurants offering different specialties, services, and prices. The market for restaurants in this neighborhood is in a state of monopolistic competition. 125) SeaFood Family markets its frozen seafood products to the domestic United States market and to several Central American countries. SeaFood Family recently had a surplus of products. Management decided to maintain prices in the U.S. market but drastically cut prices in the Central American markets in order to reduce excess supply. SeaFood Family would most likely be accused of pirating.