SOLVED

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 9-1) A single experiment that includes two or more independent variables is referred to as a __________ design. a. dependent variable b. naturalistic observational c. factorial d. single-factor 9-2) When researchers conduct factorial research designs, they try to include independent variables that account for a large amount of a. time. b. money. c. space. d. variance. 9-3) When examining the results of a factorial research design, experimenters will interpret the effects of each independent variable separately, which is known as a(n) a. main effect. b. interaction effect. c. confound. d. case study. 9-4) A(n) __________ occurs when the influence of one independent variable depends on the level of another independent variable included in the design. a. error b. interaction effect c. main effect d. practice effect 9-5) Dr. Tarbell is carrying out an experiment where he is studying the effects of the drug Ritalin, a drug used to treat hyperactivity, on the behavior of a group of hyperactive children and a second group of non-hyperactive children. Both groups of children were tested for hyperactivity before and after taking the drug, which represented the second independent variable. The results indicated that the hyperactive children were less hyperactive after taking the drug than before taking the drug; the non-hyperactive children, however, were more hyperactive after taking the drug than before taking the drug. This type of a result is referred to as a(n) a. main effect. b. interaction effect. c. extraneous effect. d. non-scientific effect. 9-6) Which of the following is not an advantage associated with conducting factorial designs? a. These designs tend to increase the external validity of the study. b. These designs tend to be more efficient than single-factor studies. c. These designs tend to provide opportunities to test for interactions. d. These designs tend to be simpler than single-factor designs. 9-7) Factorial designs have the advantage of decreasing error variance in the data, which tends to a. increase the nonsystematic variance. b. decease the systematic variance. c. increase the statistical power. d. decrease the statistical power. 9-8) The __________ is often used when the researcher wants to study the effects of the presence or absence of a pretest, along with the presence or absence of some intervening treatment. a. Solomon four-group design b. Single-factor design c. Confounded design d. Placebo design 9-9) If one wants to conduct a parametric analysis of a factorial design, one needs to make sure to measure the dependent variable on a. an interval or ratio scale. b. a nominal scale. c. an ordinal scale. d. none of the above 9-10) The simplest possible factorial design would be considered a a. one-way design. b. two-way design. c. three-way design. d. four-way design. 1