101) Wholesaling includes all the activities involved in selling goods or services directly to final consumers for their personal use. 102) One of the most thorough and complex explanations of changes in the retailing industry is the wheel-of-retailing hypothesis. 103) The stages of the retail life cycle are introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. 104) Demographic changes have motivated marketers to make changes in the retailing industry. 105) The retail industry has been largely unaffected by the trend of the world becoming “flatter.” 106) Failing to provide equal access to customers who appear economically disadvantaged is both unethical and illegal. 107) Retailers like Sam’s Club that promise bottom-dollar prices are often self-service operations. 108) In limited-service retail operations, such as specialty stores and first-class department stores, salespeople assist customers in every phase of the shopping process. 109) Off-price retailers obtain surplus merchandise from manufacturers and offer brand-name, fashion-orientated goods at low prices. 110) Department stores carry a narrow range of products with deep assortments within those lines.