SOLVED

191) _____________ occurs when we mistakenly forget that one of “our” ideas originated with someone else. a. The misinformation effect b. Cryptomnesia c. Retrograde amnesia d. Repressed memory 192) Jermaine sees a car accident and he initially estimates the offending driver to be travelling at 60 kilometres per hour. However, after hearing another witness’s report of the cars “bumping” and answering a police officer’s questions about the rate of speed when the cars “contacted,” he subsequently revises his estimate to 45 kilometres per hour and his memory of the accident changes. This is an example of a. bias. b. the misinformation effect. c. decay. d. interference. 193) False memories are easier to implant when the events that are said to have occurred are perceived as a. plausible. b. implausible. c. unusual. d. atypical. 194) As an adult and a parent of a 4-year-old child, Camille has seen many children begin to cry when placed on the lap of the mall Santa or Easter Bunny. When discussing this with her brother, Luis, he reminds her of the time when she was 5 that she began crying hysterically, ran from Santa’s lap, and was lost for nearly two hours. Luis has made this entire event up, but Camille has a clear and distinct memory of the event he described. This demonstrates the role of ________ in producing false memories. a. plausible events b. exaggerated suggestion c. implausible events d. atypical events 195) Researchers have attempted to implant false memories in the memories of students. To be certain that the event never occurred, they asked students if they recall getting to meet Yosemite Sam (a Warner Brothers character) at Disneyland. When approximately 41% of the students reported this memory, the researchers knew it was indeed evidence of a false memory because a. the memory occurred in the distant past. b. the memory was of a possible event. c. the memory occurred in the recent past. d. the memory was of an impossible event. 196) __________________ are procedures that encourage patients to recall memories that may or may not have taken place, often based on misleading information. a. Suggestive memory techniques b. Source monitoring views c. Flashbulb techniques d. Existence proofs 197) One of the leading reasons for the conviction of innocent persons is a. racial prejudice. b. biased prosecutors. c. police corruption. d. faulty eyewitness identification. 198) The most important factor in the majority of the cases, more than 75 percent, where DNA evidence led to the overturning of a unjust conviction of an innocent person was a. the use of “junk” science. b. faulty eyewitness identification. c. false confessions. d. the use of jailhouse snitches. 199) Eyewitness testimony has been found to be most accurate when a. a weapon is used in the commission of a crime. b. the witness is presented a simultaneous, as opposed to a sequential, line-up. c. the witness has ample time to observe the person under good viewing conditions. d. the witness is distracted or must fill in gaps in their memory with stereotyped information. 200) Evidence suggests that when the real criminal is not included in a “live” line-up, most witnesses a. will be inaccurate and select the person who most closely resembles the real criminal. b. will be accurate and inform the police that the person is not present. c. will refuse to answer and ask to leave the police station. d. None of the above