SOLVED

41)Unplanned and uncontrolled factors that can occur in an experiment and affect the outcome are referred to as A)extraneous variables. B)constants. C)nonmanipulated independent variables. D)manipulated independent variables. 42)In a study of weight control, in which the proportion of fat and carbohydrate intake is varied across conditions and subsequent weight loss is measured, A)fat is an independent variable. B)weight loss is an independent variable. C)fat and carbohydrates are correlated variables. D)fat and carbohydrates are dependent variables. 43)Organismic variables are most likely to be  A)manipulated independent variables.  B)nonmanipulated independent variables.  C)stimulus variables.  D)extraneous variables  44)The ________ variable is under the control of the researcher. A)organismic B)manipulated independent C)nonmanipulated independent D)dependent 45)The two types of independent variables are A)spurious and representative. B)iconic and eidetic. C)parametric and nonparametric. D)manipulated and nonmanipulated. 46)The largest category of nonmanipulated independent variables are A)organismic variables. B)dependent variables. C)stimulus variables. D)behavioral variables. 47)Changes in one variable resulting in predictable changes in another A)show that a causal relationship cannot be inferred. B)can be observed only in naturalistic or case-study research. C)occur only in correlational studies. D)suggest that a causal relationship exists. 48)The independent variables in psychological studies are usually A)behavioral or stimulus variables. B)stimulus or organismic variables. C)construct or behavioral variables. D)organismic or behavioral variables. 49)The dependent variable in psychological studies is usually a A)behavioral variable. B) stimulus variable. C)external variable. D)organismic variable. 50)An example of a manipulated independent variable might be A)the amount of sensory deprivation given a participant. B)a participant’s religious affiliation. C)a student participant’s hallucinations in response to severe sensory deprivation. D)a retarded child’s behavior after a session of relaxation training. 51)In psychological research, gender, hair color, and IQ could be examples of A)nonmanipulated independent variables. B)assigned dependent variables. C)manipulated independent variables. D)manipulated dependent variables. 52)The dependent variable in psychological research is usually A)a stimulus variable. B)an organismic variable. C)an extraneous variable. D)a behavioral variable. 53)Extraneous variables ________ methodological soundness. A)can attenuate B)can enhance C)can have either an attenuating or enhancing effect on D)have no effect on 54)To particpate in a study on the effects of diet on learning ability, all participants must have an inital IQ anywhere between 100 and 110. In this study IQ is considered a A)constant. B)extraneous variable. C)dependent variable. D)manipulated independent variable. 55)As the temperature gets higher, ice cream sales go up. Temperature and ice cream sales share what kind of relationship? A)Constant. B)Extraneous. C)Causal. D)Accidental. Â