SOLVED

7-21) The classic study of Orne and Evans (1965) examined the role of demand characteristics in psychological research. In particular, these researchers were trying to determine what tasks subjects would carry out under conditions of __________ and various other control conditions. a. alcohol intoxication b. food deprivation c. hypnosis d. sleep deprivation 7-22) The results of the Orne and Evans (1965) study suggested that ___________ does not affect subjects’ willingness to carry out various dangerous tasks. a. hypnosis b. food deprivation c. alcohol intoxication d. sleep deprivation 7-23) The most commonly used statistical analyses for single-factor, independent-groups designs attempt to analyze __________ among the various levels of the independent variable. a. correlations b. differences c. underlying factors d. applied uses 7-24) In some cases, single-factor, independent-groups designs make use of multiple dependent variables. Under these circumstances, each dependent variable is typically a. ignored, with the exception that a single dependent measure is emphasized. b. analyzed with a separate statistical test. c. converted into an independent variable. d. combined into a single, cumulative dependent variable. 7-25) When analyzing single-factor, independent-groups designs, researchers need to determine: 1) Is the test assessing differences between groups or assessing relationships?; 2) Are the data based on a nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio scale?; 3) Is the test assessing more than two groups?; and 4) a. Is the independent variable based on a within-subjects or between-subjects design? b. Is the appropriate computing hardware/software available to carry out the analysis? c. Is the research “pure” or “applied” in nature? d. Is the research design supported by governmental funding agencies? 7-26) If a researcher is making use of an interval or ratio scale of measurement and is interested in assessing differences among experimental groups, most likely the researcher will use a __________ to analyze the data. a. parametric test b. nonparametric test c. correlational analysis d. descriptive test 7-27) If a researcher performs a parametric statistical test on his/her data and the results indicate that p < .05, what does this mean? a. The results are valid. b. The results are invalid. c. The results are statistically significant. d. The results are not statistically significant. 7-28) Jonathan performs an independent-groups t test analysis on his data and finds a calculated t value of +7.26, p < .05. In terms of this result, which of the following statements is true? a. This effect is much stronger than if the t value had turned out to be –7.26. b. Jonathan’s study must have utilized an independent variable with 3 levels or groups. c. The results of this study did not turn out to be statistically significant. d. The probability of committing a Type I error is less than 5%. 7-29) In terms of the independent-groups t test, a one-tailed test generally has __________ compared to a two-tailed test. a. less power b. more power c. lower probability of committing a Type I error d. higher probability of committing a Type I error 7-30) Very few parametric statistical analyses provide the option of specifying one- or two-tailed tests. Two tests that do provide for this option are a. the t test and Pearson’s r. b. the t test and analysis of variance. c. Pearson’s r and analysis of variance. d. Pearson’s r and chi-square.