SOLVED

111) “My parents and even grandparents believe that Freud was a quack! Don’t believe anything he says!” This is a logical fallacy known as a. argument from antiquity. b. naturalistic. c. genetic. d. appeal to authority. 112) “Scientists have never been able to show that extraterrestrials visitors did not create crop circles so that’s the likely reason.” This example highlights the _______ fallacy. a. appeal to ignorance b. naturalistic c. genetic d. appeal to authority 113) Drawing conclusions based on insufficient evidence represents the _______ fallacy. a. hasty generalisation b. naturalistic c. genetic d. circular reasoning 114) What logical fallacy involves confusing the correctness of a belief with its origins? a. Appeal to ignorance fallacy b. Naturalistic fallacy c. Genetic fallacy d. Hasty generalisation fallacy 115) The major difference between pseudoscience and science is that a. pseudoscience lacks the general level of public support that characterises science. b. pseudoscience addresses different questions than science. c. pseudoscience is less similar to popular psychology than science is. d. pseudoscience lacks the safeguards against cognitive biases that characterise science. 116) ______ offers safeguards against cognitive biases; ______ does not. a. Natural science like physics; pseudoscience. b. Natural science like physics; social science like psychology c. Pseudoscience; science in general d. Science in general; pseudoscience 117) Pseudoscience lacks safeguards against ____________ and ____________ that characterize science. a. correlation-causation fallacy; extraordinary claims b. Occam’s razor; Oberg’s dictum c. confirmation bias; belief perseverance d. replicability; falsifiability 118) Our investment of time, energy, and effort in a questionable treatment that can lead people to forfeit the chance to obtain an effective treatment is called a. public investment. b. social investment. c. hoodwinking. d. opportunity cost. 119) An important point from the authors’ discussion on why people need to care about the dangers of pseudoscience is that a. harm rarely results from pseudoscientific beliefs or treatments. b. a lack of critical thinking may lead to poor decisions that affect one’s personal life, community, and/or one’s child’s schooling. c. quackery and pseudoscience are especially easy to detect without exposure to critical thinking or skepticism. d. people are often quite accurate and unbiased in their day-to-day decision making. 120) Darlene has depression and she has been pursuing holistic therapies, organic creams and diets, and herbal supplements from a homeopathic practitioner for months but she is not feeling any better. When asked why she does not take antidepressant medications to help alleviate her symptoms, Darlene defends her choice by saying she does not want to put chemicals of any kind in her body. This example relates to what danger of pseudoscience? a. Transcendental temptation b. Opportunity cost c. Ad hoc immunizing d. Terror management