SOLVED

131) Which of the following is not a disadvantage of punishment? a. Punishment can create anxiety and interfere with future learning. b. Punishment may provide a model for aggressive behaviour. c. Punishment decreases the likelihood that a given behaviour will recur. d. Punishment can encourage continuation of negative behaviours in more covert ways. 132) Researchers that have studied the relationship between physical punishment by parents and aggressive behaviour in children have found that a. punishment is associated with more behavioural problems in children. b. there is a causal relationship between parental punishment and childhood aggression. c. punishment is effective for reducing problem behaviour in children and decreases aggressive responses. d. children who have aggressive tendencies will act accordingly independent of how the parents deal with problem behaviours. 133) Use of physical discipline is ___________ correlated with behaviour problems in Caucasian families and ___________ correlated with behaviour problems in African American families. a. negatively; inversely b. inversely; positively c. positively; negatively d. inversely; negatively 134) Aimee is walking around the mall and sees her friend Jane waving at her, so she walks over to talk to Jane. What is the discriminative stimulus in this example? a. Aimee b. Jane c. The wave d. The conversation 135) Which of the following processes occurs in both operant conditioning and classical conditioning? a. Extinction b. Spontaneous recovery c. Generalization d. All of the above 136) Which of the following concepts involves displaying a less pronounced response to stimuli that differ from the original stimulus in both classical and operant conditioning? a. Discriminative stimulus b. Stimulus generalization c. Extinction d. Stimulus discrimination 137) Sandy loves pop music and every time a “boy band” has come to town for a concert, she has pouted until her husband bought her a ticket. Last year, she heard about the Backstreet Boys concert, and started whining to her husband about how badly she wanted to go, but he ignored her and did not buy her a ticket. This year, she wanted to go see Justin Bieber in concert but did not pout or whine to her husband and bought her own ticket. What process of conditioning has most likely occurred? a. Extinction b. Spontaneous recovery c. Stimulus discrimination d. Stimulus generalization 138) Kristine gives her cat a treat every time he catches a mouse in her house, and Sarah gives her dog leftovers from the table once in awhile when he has been a good dog and did not beg. Which of the following statements regarding these examples is most accurate? a. Kristine is using positive reinforcement whereas Sarah is using negative reinforcement. b. Both Kristine and Sarah are using schedules of reinforcement to extinguish bad behaviour. c. It will be harder to extinguish the dog’s behaviour relative to the cat’s behaviour. d. Sarah’s dog will be slower to acquire learned behaviour relative to Kristine’s cat. 139) The situation of a student’s final grade improving one letter grade for every three books read represents which level of reinforcement? a. Variable interval b. Variable ratio c. Fixed ratio d. Fixed interval 140) Which of the following is true regarding schedules of reinforcement? a. Partial reinforcement allows for new behaviours to be learned more quickly as compared to continuous reinforcement. b. Partial reinforcement of target behaviour leads to greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement. c. Continuous reinforcement schedules involve reinforcing behaviour based on fixed time interval schedules. d. Continuous reinforcement of target behaviour leads to greater resistance to extinction than does partial reinforcement.