SOLVED

11.__________ occurs when people who are not directly harmed by a rival group seek retribution against members of that out-group, who were not the original perpetrators of the initial attack on the in-group. a.Vicarious retribution b.Team discontinuity effect c.Extremism d.Collective narcissism 12.In regard to post-merger behavior, people who belong to high-status premerger groups are __________ to identify with the new group, and __________ to show bias against their post-merger group. a.less likely; more likely b.more likely; less likely c.less likely; less likely d.more likely; more likely 13.In regard to intergroup conflict, a group that competes for things like new hires or clients with another group is engaged in __________ conflict. a.extremism b.symbolic c.team rivalry d.realistic 14.Realistic conflict is conflict __________; symbolic conflict is conflict __________. a.that occurs in in-groups; that occurs with out-groups b.that occurs with out-groups; that occurs with in-groups c.based on scarce resources; based on values and beliefs d.based on values and beliefs; based on scarce resources 15.An investigation of the Western Cannon Debate (a dispute concerning the choice of books in introductory civilization and literature courses) found what results? a.Extremism—people on opposing sides of the debate exaggerated the actual differences. b.Symbolism—people on opposing sides of the debate were focused on symbols as opposed to scarce resources. c.Racism—people on opposing sides of the debate held racist attitudes toward the other group. d.Denial—people on opposing sides of the debate denied the existence of privilege. 16.All of the following are documented biases that can emerge in intergroup conflict EXCEPT: a.stereotyping. b.in-group bias. c.racism. d.out-group heterogeneity bias. 17.All of the following are disadvantages related to biases associated with the categorization process EXCEPT? a.it lessens the need to consider the out-group member’s point of view. b.members of out-groups are more extremely evaluated. c.stereotypes are used to predict people’s behavior. d.can help groups achieve their goals, protect their interests, and clarify communication needs. 18.Which of the following terms refers to the effects of in-group bias at a national or regional level? a.Collective narcissism b.Implicit group metafavoritism c.Ethnocentrism d.Racism 19.Despite a verbal preference for people who behave in an “egalitarian” way, people actually prefer others in their groups to display in-group bias. This phenomenon is best termed: a.ethnocentrism. b.implicit group metafavoritism. c.collective narcissism. d.cognitive identity. 20.Joe was born into a wealthy family who are Catholics. Which of the following characteristics ascribe advantages to Joe in an unearned way? a.Effort b.Ability c.Religion d.Individual merit 21.When groups use apology in the face of intergroup conflict, which is the least likely result of that apology? a.Decreased likelihood of forgiveness b.Increased anger c.Increased trust of the out-group d.Increased desire for retribution 22.This bias illustrates a pervasive tendency for people to assume much greater homogeneity of opinion, belief, expression and interest among members of an out-group than those of their own group: a.out-group approach bias. b.out-group homogeneity bias. c.discrimination. d.stereotyping. 23.Strategies for reducing the negative effects of intergroup conflicts include: a.categorization. b.focusing on super-ordinate goals. c.marginalization. d.hierarchical reporting relationships. 24.According to the “contact hypothesis”, for contact to work (be effective), all of the following need to be in place EXCEPT: a.social and institutional support. b.acquaintance potential. c.equal status. d.within group friendships. 25.The process of exchange, termed “perspective giving and perspective taking”, is one in which a party is asked to write about their difficulties with a situation, and a second party is told to accurately summarize the statement of the first party. Each of the following statements is related to this type of exchange EXCEPT: a.a team’s exposure to information related to an out-group’s heterogeneity in terms of their positive and negative characteristics reduces prejudices. b.trying to be empathetic when interacting with an out-group member has positive effects when the out-group member discloses hardships and expresses a need for support. c.trying to be empathetic when interacting with an out-group member who is not expressing a call for help can back-fire and result in negative perceptions. d.a team’s exclusive exposure to an out-group’s positive characteristics is the most effective means to reduce in-group prejudices.